November Free Review of Your Release
Posted: October 28, 2009 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a comment
In an opportunity to help generate ideas and interest in this blog and the Outdoor Recreation and Fitness Law Review I am going to make everyone an offer you can’t refuse. During the month of November I am going to review your releases or acknowledgment of risk documents for free. You have to complete two steps to get this offer..
- Take the Survey and answer the questions and provide the necessary contract information.
- Send me a PDF or a Word document of your release or acknowledgement of risk form to me.
In return I’ll send you a review of your release. No Charge. I’ll let you know the problems you have or changes you need to make in your release or acknowledgment or risk form.
Why? I need more information about what you are looking for in an attorney, what you want from the blog, what worries you about the legal and risk management aspects of your program and subscribers to the Outdoor Recreation Law Review. I want to learn more about you. The questionnaire is going to help provide some of those answers.
Let Everyone You Know, Know about this.
Pass this information along on Facebook, Twitter and Email your friends and associates.
The Survey will be posted on the blog at here
Rules:
- I’m only licensed in the state of Colorado
- This will be a review. I will identify the issues I’ve found in your release or acknowledgement of release form only.
- You must complete all questions on the quiz and provide complete and correct information.
- It can only be a PDF or a Word (doc, docx).
- The release is for use by human powered outdoor recreation programs or adventure travel programs.
- I reserve the right to cancel at any time or reject a program or release
- It may take several weeks to review your document; there is no time limit on my end.
- I reserve the right to change the rules, modify the rules, cancel the idea, or do anything else I want.
- There is no value in doing this.
- I’m not responsible for what you do with the information.
The information collected will not be used, distributed or given to anyone else. The contact information will be kept separate and not identified with the survey answers.
The Program does not start until November 1, 2009 when the survey will go up. Don’t send me information or your release before then.
C.A.M.P. USA Discount Benefits AAC – Two Days Only
Posted: October 27, 2009 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a comment15% OFF and 5% FOR THE AMERICAN ALPINE CLUB
On Tuesday, October 27 or Wednesday, October 28, use coupon code – AAC – to receive a 15% discount on all orders at www.camp-usa.com. Additionally, 5% of all camp-usa.com sales during this week will be donated to the AAC. A true double whammy – you save, the AAC gains. Even closeout items are included to help raise the donation bar as high as possible!
CLICK HERE to access the 2009 CAMP product catalog. Shop using the BUY NOW buttons on individual product pages. You can view your cart any time using the VIEW SHOPPING CART link at the top of the page.
The American Alpine Club provides knowledge and inspiration, conservation and advocacy, and logistical support to the climbing community. Learn more at: www.americanalpineclub.org.
USA Today Updates Issues with New Hampshire Law Billing For SAR’s
Posted: October 27, 2009 Filed under: Search and Rescue (SAR) Leave a commentContinued coverage of a Stupid Law. For Background see:
Update: Give me a break! Teen charged $25K for a rescue he did not need
Give me a break! Teen charged $25K for a rescue he did not need
USA Today in a great article Warning: Don’t get lost in New Hampshire brought out some interesting facts about new hampshire’s law that bills rescued people for their SARs.
- 13 other people have been billed for their SARs
- The average fee paid is $203
A new hampshire state official is quoted as saying “Bogardus says Mason was negligent because he did not turn back on the trail after he was injured.” Lt. Todd Bogardus, is the head of search and rescue for new hampshire’s Fish and Game Department However the lost teen attempted to take a short cut when he sprained his ankle. At what point does a shortcut not make sense when injured.
I cracked the frame on my Colnago road bike a couple of months back. It was a long walk back in bike shoes (with no friends answering their phones) so at one point I cut across a field. It was a shortcut. It was easier on my feet because it was shorter and softer than the concrete bike path. That shortcut worked for me.
Bogardus also admitted the actions of the state in billing Mason had placed the state on a hot spot.
Bogardus stated “And almost half of those hikers are from out of state, department records show.”
So let’s save new hampshire money and not go there.
USDA Forest Service has published its new Outfitting and Guide Administrative Guidebook
Posted: October 22, 2009 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a commentThe Forest Service has published its latest version of its Outfitting and Guide Administrative Guidebook. The Guidebook can be found at: Outfitting and Guide Administrative Guidebook.
All permitees or people wishing to conduct commercial activities on USDA Forest Service land should know and understand this book.
Remember, the US Forest Service considers all college and university programs to be commercial outfitters requiring a permit!
The Chapter Headings are:
- Chapter One, Introduction 3 pages RTF
- Chapter Two, Definitions 1 page RTF
- Chapter Three, The Analysis Process 10 pages RTF
- Chapter Four, Application and Authorization Process 20 pages RTF
- Chapter Five, Permit Administration 12 pages RTF
- Chapter Six, Accountability Procedures 18 pages RTF
- Index 1 page RTF
- Appendix Index 1 page RTF
- Needs Assessments 8 pages RTF
- Approaches for Allocation 6 pages RTF
- Capacity Calculation using Limits of Acceptable Change 2 pages RTF
- State Outfitter Guide Associations 2 pages RTF
- State Regulatory Agencies 2 pages RTF
- Sample Solicitation Letter to Prospective Outfitter 3 pages RTF
- Assurance Clause FS-1700-1 2 pages RTF
- Special Use Applications – FS 2700-3 and FS 2700-3a 8 pages RTF
- Checklist for Issuance of Outfitter Guide Permit – 3 Examples 6 pages RTF
- Sample Format for Recording Required Documents 2 pages RTF
- Assigned Site Sign 4 pages RTF
- Sample Camp Layout 2 pages RTF
- Sample Annual Itinerary 2 pages RTF
- Sample Grazing Use and Fees 2 pages RTF
- Sample Operating Plan Contents 4 pages RTF
- Outfitter Guide Performance Evaluation 4 pages RTF
- Performance Bond 4 pages RTF
- Sample Letters 10 pages RTF
- Actual Use Report 4 pages RTF
- WO Letter of March 11, 1996, Assigns Minimum Fees 2 pages RTF
- Sample Flat Fee Rate Calculation 8 pages RTF
- Estimated Fee Determination Sheet 2 pages RTF
- Fee Calculation Examples 40 pages RTF
- Service Day Fees and Priority Use Review Chart 3 pages RTF
- Sample Pre-Trip Information Letter 2 pages RTF
- Contributors 2 pages RTF
CALL FOR ABSTRACTS: 2nd Annual Outdoor Leadership Research Symposium (OLRS) (WEA)
Posted: October 21, 2009 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a comment
CALL FOR ABSTRACTS
for the
2nd Annual Outdoor Leadership Research Symposium (OLRS)
at the
2010 National Conference on Outdoor Leadership
Estes Park, Colorado
February 17-20, 2010
Submissions to the 2nd annual Outdoor Leadership Research Symposium (OLRS) are now being accepted. OLRS is intended to provide a forum for practitioners and scholars to share recent and on-going research related to outdoor leadership. The symposium is being held in conjunction with the National Conference on Outdoor Leadership, sponsored annually by the Wilderness Education Association (WEA). The goal of this symposium is to help promote the development of evidence-based practice in the field of outdoor leadership. Submissions will be blind peer-reviewed and judged according to their relevance to the field of outdoor leadership as well as the basic quality of the research conducted. Presenters will have 15 minutes to present their research, followed by five minutes of questions. Accepted abstracts will be published in a special issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership (JOREL). (For more information on JOREL please see www.ejorel.com)
Eligibility of proposals:
- Only studies that have not been previously published or presented should be submitted.
- Only studies that are completed or near completion should be submitted. A full report of findings and conclusions are expected at the presentation and in the published abstract.
- Authors of accepted proposals must register for the conference by the early registration deadline. Any presenter who fails to do so will be dropped from the research symposium. Please do not submit an abstract unless you are committed to attending the symposium.
- Abstracts must be submitted no later than November 1, 2009. Authors will be notified by December 15, 2009 regarding the status of their submissions. Authors must submit revised abstracts by January 15, 2010 for inclusion in a book of abstracts to be distributed at the symposium.
Submission guidelines:
- Abstracts should be no more than two pages in length, using Times New Roman 12 point font, one inch margins (top, bottom, and sides), and single spacing.
- Abstracts should follow standard formatting for journal articles: Background (which includes the introduction, review of literature, and statement of hypotheses/research questions), Methods (which includes a description of site, sample, instrument, procedures, and analysis), Results, Discussion, and References (which may be listed on a third page). Conceptual articles may use alternative headings.
- Abstracts should be written and formatted according to the guidelines of the APA Publication Manual (5th Edition).
- A cover page should be included providing the following information: abstract title, names and affiliations of all authors, and contact information (including phone, fax, and email) of the principal author.
- Documents should be saved in Microsoft Word format.
- Abstracts that do not adhere to these guidelines may be rejected without further review.
- Abstracts should be submitted to Bruce Martin at martinc2@ohio.edu by November 1, 2009. “2010 OLRS Abstract” should be written in the subject heading.
Questions regarding the Outdoor Leadership Research Symposium should be addressed to the symposium co-chairs: Bruce Martin at martinc2@ohio.edu or 740-593-4647; or, Marni Goldenberg at mgoldenb@calpoly.edu or 805-756-7627.
Fatality in Triathlon when driver hits cyclists
Posted: October 20, 2009 Filed under: Triathlon Leave a commentA bicyclist in the E.P. “Tom” Sawyer State Park was killed by a drunk driver. When stopped by the police, the bicycle was still lodged in the windshield of the car. The driver had a history of drunk driving.
The triathlon was in its 28th year and sponsored by the park.
See Triathlete killed by hit-and-run driver. (The site charges for their articles so unless you really want to know what happened don’t hit the link.)
Assistant Acquisition/Development Editor, Outdoor Recreation
Posted: October 17, 2009 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a comment
Assistant Acquisition/Development Editor, Outdoor Recreation
Oct. 07, 2009 – Dec. 07, 2009
Location: Guilford, CT
Employment Type: Full Time
Department: Editorial
Description: The Assistant Acquisition Editor for Outdoor Recreation helps manage a number of books within several different outdoor recreation series and in various stages of development; supports the Outdoor Recreation Department with a variety of responsibilities related to the book publishing process; and works closely with the Senior Editor in matters pertaining to author management and style of work.
Duties: Assists in acquiring writers for new titles and revisions.
• Manages authors/writers/revisers of assigned titles and works directly with them to ensure company standards are met and that manuscripts and maps conform to series and production guidelines.
• Evaluates manuscripts and maps for comprehensiveness, balance, accuracy, timeliness, and readability.
• Formats and styles manuscripts.
• Line edits and rewrites copy as necessary.
• Resolves book-related queries.
• Assists with managing/updating Falcon.com website as required.
• Conducts photo research and ensures all photo rights are secured.
• Researches outdoor recreation trends, news and developments.
• Reviews page proofs as necessary.
• Enters information into the title management software system.
• Fills out all paperwork as necessary.
• Assists in preparation of marketing and sales material related to assigned titles as necessary
• Attends meetings as necessary to facilitate book process.
• Helps keep books on schedule.
Qualifications: Strong editing, rewriting, and map-proofing skills.
• Expertise in Microsoft Office including Excel and track changes in Word.
• Ability to work on multiple projects under tight deadlines.
• Excellent communication skills.
• Superb organizational skills.
• Strong interest in the outdoors and in outdoor recreation.
• Mac familiar and ability to use InCopy a plus.
• Familiarity with GPS devices and use of and ability to work with a variety of digital mapping applications including TOPO!, Garmin’s MapSource, Google Maps, ExpertGPS a plus.
Here is the original post.
If you have the skills I can personally vouch for a great group of people who work at Globe Pequot Press. They also create great books as evidenced by the number of National Outdoor Book Award winners they’ve had.
November Free Review Your Release Opportunity
Posted: October 16, 2009 Filed under: Uncategorized 1 Comment
In an opportunity to help generate ideas and interest in this blog and the Outdoor Recreation and Fitness Law Review I am going to make everyone an offer you can’t refuse. During the month of November I am going to review your releases or acknowledgment of risk froms for free.
Stay tuned I’ll come up with the requirements and how the program is going to work, but it will be no cost to you (and hopefully no major headaches for me!)
Pass this on, repost for your friends on Facebook and Re-tweet or just email it to your friends.
Jim
MSA Issues Stop Use Notice Redpoint ™ and Auto-Belay Descenders
Posted: October 16, 2009 Filed under: Uncategorized 2 Comments
Boulder, Colorado; October 15, 2009 MSA issued a stop use notice dated 10/14/2009 for certain products described below. MSA very recently became aware of two incidents where climbers using Redpoint Descenders experienced rapid rates of descent resulting in injuries. MSA’s preliminary investigation indicates an issue with the one-way bearings provided by their supplier, which may prevent the brakes from engaging during descent. Due to the nature of this condition, the users were not able to detect the problem before the rapid descents occurred.
The Stop Use Notice applies to the following descender units:
- All Redpoint Descenders (part numbers 10024873, 10027646, and 10027798) regardless of the date the unit was manufactured or last serviced,
- Auto-Belay Descenders (part number 10021806) manufactured or last serviced on or after June 30, 2000.
The part number, date of manufacture, and date of last factory service of the unit is located on the white date of manufacture label affixed to the back of the housing.
Based on these findings, MSA is advising affected users to discontinue using the Redpoint and Auto-Belay Descenders indicated above. Please forward this notice to all appropriate personnel.
MSA regrets this inconvenience; however, the company recognizes that this condition represents a potential safety concern. MSA will issue a follow-up notice shortly, after conducting further investigation into this matter. During the investigation, MSA will not be shipping any Redpoint Descenders currently on order or in for service, and will not be taking any new orders.
If you have any questions, please contact MSA Customer Service at 1-800-MSA-2222 or 412-967-3000. If you would like to view the original notice it is here.
Ohio University settles lawsuit brought by injured student
Posted: October 15, 2009 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a commentThe plaintiff in a lawsuit against Ohio University has issued a press release anoucing a settlement in its suit against Ohio University. See OU to pay $500,000 to settle lawsuit with burned student.
The plaintiff’s attorney announced they settled for $500,000. They had original sought $3.2 million.
For more information on this case see: Lawsuit against university outdoor program and Update on Ohio University Lawsuit
Dr. Charlie Houston is wondering higher mountains
Posted: October 13, 2009 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a comment
Dr. Charlie Houston is one of the world’s great humans, great mountaineers, great explorers and great humans. Charlie was a great guy.
It took me awhile to write this. It is very hard to describe the effect meeting Charlie had on me and I was not sure I could or should convey that.
If you want to know about him you should listen to this interview by Bill Moyer.
http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/archives/houston_now_flash.html
You can read his autobiography Brotherhood of the Rope by Bernadette McDonald
You need to read his books, Five Miles High and K2 Savage Mountain. They stand out for what is not in the books, acrimony, arguments and fights. What does standout is the idea that a group of people bound together by a rope were, were going to go together to the summit or back to the world.
The world is short a wonderful person with his passing.
The Fellowship of the Rope, short an anchor.
Lawsuit filed over death of university student during school sponsored rafting trip
Posted: October 13, 2009 Filed under: Whitewater Rafting 5 CommentsThe deceased, a freshman at Eastern Washington University drowned on the Clark Fork River which is west of Missoula Montana. She fell out of the raft at Tumbleweed Rapid and was found pinned under a log.
The issue seems to focus on the fact the guides were advised of the strainer the day before the trip and signs were posted at the put in.
See Family sues university after daughter’s death
For other articles about suits against colleges and universities see: Ropes course injury, Lawsuit against university outdoor program and Update on Ohio University Lawsuit
For Outdoor Recreation Law Review articles about suits against universities see: Court decides participant cannot assume the risk of a team building exercise, College successfully defends student high altitude fatality, College loses suit by parents of deceased student from snow skiing class and Assumption of Risk and Inherent Risk in Higher Outdoor Education.
Criminal Trial Starts this week for MD who pulls in front of cyclists and slams on his brakes.
Posted: October 12, 2009 Filed under: Criminal Liability, Cycling Leave a commentVeloNews is reporting that a criminal trial is starting this week in Los Angeles Superior Court. Dr. Christopher T. Thompson is on trial for multiple felony charges. Dr. Thompson owns a medical records company Touch Medix.
A year ago Dr. Thompson got mad at two cyclists riding abreast on a dead end road. The two were behind a larger group of cyclists. They had stopped to assist an injured cyclist. Dr. Thompson exchanged words with the cyclists about riding two abreast and then pulled in front of the cyclists and slammed on his breaks.
One cyclist hit the back of the car and the other went through the rear window.
Two witnesses at the trail are two other cyclists who had a similar confrontation with an identical car with an identical license plate three months earlier. Both of those cyclists were able to miss the car when it braked.
See California road-rage case heads for court
Grand Canyon River Trips on Sale
Posted: October 9, 2009 Filed under: Whitewater Rafting Leave a commentLarge Payout in deaths using Coleman heater indoors
Posted: October 8, 2009 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a commentA federal jury awarded $2M in damages over the death of two hunters who died using a Coleman heater indoors. The jury found the hunters 67% liable which will reduce the award to approximately $660,000.
The hunters were using the heater along with two wood burning stoves in a cabin in the Colorado Mountains.
For information on the case see Camp-heater deaths bring jury award.
For information on other large awards and settlements in Outdoor Recreation see Payouts in Outdoor Recreation
For other articles on product liability issues: The legal relationship created between manufactures and US consumers, How not to respond to a product liability claim or How to turn a mess into a legal disaster.
For Outdoor Recreation Law Review articles on Product Liability suits see: Venue and Jurisdiction Question Answered in Snowboard Product Liability Case, Case Brief: New York upholds release for negligence claim with purchase of paraglider, Indiana ski binding case instructive on product liability law, Warning labels found to be inadequate in climbing harness that was improperly clipped in and Challenge course product liability case from injury at Boy Scout camp instructive.
Another multimillion dollar jury verdict in outdoor recreation
Posted: October 6, 2009 Filed under: Climbing Wall Leave a commentClimbing wall company hit with a $2.3 million dollar verdict for a broken ankle and fractured vertebrae
Boomers of Boca Raton Florida was sued by a 46 year old man for his injuries when a hydraulic cable attachment (?) failed causing him to fall to the floor. The defense argued they had no obligation to test and maintain the equipment.
However this information is coming from the Plaintiff’s attorney’s press release so it is suspect. The only information I could find was all based on this press release.
The defendant is a California based entertainment company Festival Fun Parks which owned the defendant Boomers. To see this article go to: Boomers in Boca Raton loses $2.3M verdict
For a list of other large judgments in the outdoor recreation arena see Payouts in Outdoor Recreation
For articles on other large payouts see: $4.7 million dollar verdict in climbing wall case against Alpine Towers in South Carolina Court and Death we have commented on allegedly has a $14 million verdict
The Japanese do not sue…..but you can go to jail for having a client die
Posted: October 1, 2009 Filed under: Criminal Liability Leave a commentAn article Authorities raid tour agent in mountain deaths speaks to the Japanese police raided a tour operator over the death of eight senior citizens during a mountain climbing tour. The tour participants who were in their 60’s died of apparent hypothermia in cold wet weather.
As I have repeatedly argued the laws of the US are very different than the laws of other nations. In the US we have a low threshold to sue and a high threshold to go to jail. In most other countries the exact opposite is true, it is difficult to sue but easy to go to jail.
For other blogs about this issue see: Well in New Zealand…….you go to JAIL!, Another Litigation versus Criminal example and Litigation v. Jail Time
UIAA adopting new ethics code and best practices for mountaineering
Posted: September 30, 2009 Filed under: Uncategorized 2 CommentsThe UIAA has put into writing long standing ideas on mountaineering sportsmanship, environmental and culture issues. Announcement of the new code can be found at New code lays out ethics and best practices.
Comments on the code can be emailed to office@uiaa.ch.
A draft of the code is below.
Article 1 – Individual Responsibility
Maxim:
Mountaineers and climbers practice their sport in situations where there is risk of accidents and outside help may not be available. With this in mind, they pursue this activity at their own responsibility and are accountable for their own safety. The individual’s actions should not endanger those around them nor the environment.
Article 2 – Team Spirit
Maxim:
Members of the team should be prepared to make compromises in order to balance the interests and abilities of the entire group.
Article 3 – Climbing & Mountaineering Community
Maxim:
We owe every person we meet in the mountains or on the rocks an equal measure of respect. Even in isolated conditions and stressful situations, we should not forget to treat others as we want to be treated ourselves.
Article 4 – Visiting Foreign Countries
Maxim:
As guests in foreign cultures, we should always conduct ourselves politely and with restraint towards the people there – our hosts. We will respect holy mountains and other sacred places while seeking to benefit and assist local economies and people. Understanding of foreign cultures is part of a complete climbing experience.
Article 5 – Responsibilities of Mountain Guides and other Leaders
Maxim:
Professional mountain guides, other leaders and group members should each understand their respective roles and respect the freedoms and rights of other groups and individuals. In order to be prepared guides, leaders and group members should understand the demands, hazards and risks of the objective, have the necessary skills, experience and correct equipment, and check the weather and conditions.
Article 6 – Emergencies, Dying and Death
Maxim:
To be prepared for emergencies and situations involving serious accidents and death all participants in mountain sports should clearly understand the risks and hazards and the need to have appropriate skills, knowledge and equipment. All participants need to be ready to help others in the event of an emergency or accident and also be ready to face the consequences of a tragedy.
Article 7 – Access and Conservation
Maxim:
We believe that freedom of access to mountains and cliffs in a responsible manner is a fundamental right. We should always practice our activities in an environmentally sensitive way and be proactive in preserving nature. We respect access restrictions and regulations agreed by climbers with nature conservation organizations and authorities.
Article 8 – Style
Maxim:
The quality of the experience and how we solve a problem is more important than whether we solve it. We strive to leave no trace.
Article 9 – First Ascents
Maxim:
The first ascent of a route or a mountain is a creative act. It should be done in at least as good a style as the traditions of the region and show responsibility toward the local climbing community and the needs of future climbers.
Article 10 – Sponsorship, Advertising and Public Relations
Maxim:
The cooperation between sponsors and athletes must be a professional relationship that serves the best interests of mountain sports. It is the responsibility of the mountain sports community in all its aspects to educate and inform both media and public in a proactive manner.
Article 11 – Use of Supplementary Oxygen in Mountaineering
Maxim:
The use of supplementary oxygen in high altitude mountaineering has been under debate for several years. In this debate, different aspects related to the topic can be distinguished, such as medical and ethical aspects. These medical aspects should be of paramount concern to all mountaineers.
Article 12 – High Altitude Guided Commercial Expeditions
Maxim:
Commercial operators attempting 8000m or other comparable peaks which offer more limited facilities must recognize the limitations of the clients whom they guide. All efforts must be made to ensure the safety of their clients.
Payouts in Outdoor Recreation
Posted: September 29, 2009 Filed under: Uncategorized 1 CommentThe information here has been collected from various sources. The accuracy is not guaranteed.
| Year |
Payout
|
Defendant
|
Claim
|
Source
|
| $750,000 | Remlinger Farms | Climbing wall |
http://www.schifferman.com/CM/Custom/Settlements-Verdicts.asp |
|
| 2003 | $250,000 | Mountain Streams Outfitters | Drowned whitewater rafting | |
| 2008 | $400,000 | Sutter County California School District | Improperly tied into the course | $400,000 challenge course settlement for shattered ankle |
| 2009 | $500,000 | Ohio University | Failure to supervise and protect from a fire | OU to pay $500,000 to settle lawsuit with burned student |
| 2009 | $13.M | Cathedral Oaks Athletic Club Summer Camp | Drowning | Death we have commented on allegedly has a $14 million verdict |
| 2009 | $4.7M | Alpine Towers International | Improper equipment and failure to train |
$4.7 million dollar verdict in climbing wall case against Alpine Towers in South Carolina Court |
| 2009 | $2.3M | Boomers | Fall from Climbing Wall |
Another multimillion dollar jury verdict in outdoor recreation |
|
2009
|
$2.36M
|
Kicked by horse
|
What is in a Business Name: A Robbery if you are Black Diamond
Posted: September 24, 2009 Filed under: Climbing, Criminal Liability Leave a commentThis if funny, but at the same time scary. KSL TV is reporting in Robber apparently confused over loot at ‘Black Diamond’ company that a man attempted to rob Black Diamond Equipment Company of their precious jewels. Although many of us believe that Black Diamond skis, carabiners and other climbing and mountaineering equipment are precious and sometimes as expensive (J) I don’t think there is a big black market for those stolen jewels that a stupid thief could find.
If you see a Polynesian man in his 20s or 30s about 6 feet 3 inches tall with a medium build and a shaved head with a full-sleeve tattoo on his right arm wearing a large, distinctive square-faced watch on his left wrist driving a white 1990s Ford Escape-type SUV and selling climbing equipment it might be stolen.
Stupid crook!
Sometimes you want too much, sometimes you are greedy: WI plaintiff’s lawyers are killing their income source.
Posted: September 22, 2009 Filed under: Skiing / Snow Boarding 1 Comment
Wisconsin law would kill outdoor recreation specifically skiing in the state
The plaintiff’s bar is attempting to change the law concerning the determination of fault in a trial. As the law stands now before an injured plaintiff can win a lawsuit they must prove that they are not the primary party responsible for their injuries. That means they have to convince a jury that they are less than 49% liable for their injuries. The jury then decides what percentage of fault lies with all of the parties. The damages awarded are then divided according to that percentage of fault.
If a plaintiff is found 20% at fault they win (more than 49%) and any damages are reduced by 20%. This issue is called comparative negligence. The jury compares the negligence between the parties and determines the percentage of fault. That percentage of fault then determines if the plaintiff wins anything and if so, how much they are awarded.
The plaintiff’s bar in Wisconsin wants to lower that percentage to 1%. This means if the jury finds that the plaintiff was anywhere from 99 to 1% at fault the plaintiff still wins.
Breathing is about the only thing you can do and not have someone else be at least partly responsible……….. wait there is air pollution.
This would allow every injured person no matter how they received their injuries to sue and recover money for their damages.
The good news is insurance costs will not go up. This will be because no insurance will be available. Insurance companies will just not offer insurance for any recreation program in Wisconsin.
See Insurance change could send Wisconsin ski areas downhill. For additional articles explaining the legal issues see Ski resort found partially liable for skier injuries from a jump
The legal relationship created between manufactures and US consumers
Posted: September 21, 2009 Filed under: Jurisdiction and Venue (Forum Selection) | Tags: agency, consumer protection, Jurisdiction, Venue, warranty 1 CommentAn Overview of the legal relationship created between manufactures and US consumers.
This is a quick memo to simply outline the legal issues encountered by foreign corporations selling in the US Market. This memo will touch on the following issues:
- Agency
- Warranty Disclaimers and Issues
- State Consumer Protection Laws
- European Union certifications & the US
- Jurisdiction and Venue
Agency
An agent legally represents the manufacture. From a legal standpoint the agent stands in the shoes of the manufacture. An agent speaks and acts for the principal, the manufacture. As such the manufacture is liable for anything the agent says or does while representing the manufacture until the agency is terminated and that termination is communicated to interested third party consumers.
An agency relationship exists when a principal (in this case the manufacture or distributor) creates a legal relationship with a third party for the third party to represent the principal. In this case the third party is a retailer of products or an independent contractor sales representative. This relationship can be by contract (oral or written) or by actions on the part of either party (I’ll pay you if you do that).
An agency can be created without a legal relationship. Agency by Estoppel is created when third parties or consumers believe that one party has vested rights or an agency in another based on the actions of the principal. If a sales rep says he works for a manufacture and the manufacture does nothing to terminate the relationship or refine the relationship in the minds of the consumer or the shop then the agency does in fact exist. The parameters of the relationship are as defined by the consumer as reasonably interpreted from the actions of the agent. Failure to stop or disclaim the agency confirms the agency.
This places a tremendous burden on manufactures to create a relationship with agents that is within the parameters and/or restrictions the manufacture wants and then to insist the agent work within those parameters. However, if the manufacture does nothing to enforce the parameters or knows the agent is working outside of the parameters the manufacture will be held liable for the acts of the agent.
A good contract outlining the relationship is necessary for most independent contractor’s representative and required by seventeen (17) states.
Agency by law is another type of agency that is created. These are actions that the courts have interpreted over time to be agency relationships. A specific example in this case is again the manufacture and the distributor or the manufacture and the rep. Courts have determined that for the distributor or rep to do their jobs there is an agency relationship for the agent to act for the manufacture. Agency by law then is interpreted to mean the agent has the basic responsibility to act on behalf of the manufacture.
This places a burden on manufactures to do two things. (1) Hire agents who will understand and respect the agency relationship as defined by the manufacture. That then requires a well written contract that gives the agent freedom to do their job and at the same time reserves the rights and powers that the manufacture wishes to retain. (2) To act quickly when the manufacture sees someone acting outside of the defined relationship or a third party who is acting like an agent.
These place tremendous burdens on the manufacture. However the burdens were created to prevent the consumer, who has little or no way of checking on the relationship from getting ripped off.
Specifically a sales rep is the same as a bike shop, both are selling for the manufacture and the public can rely on both in the same way.
Warranties
A warranty is created every time there is a sale. Most warranties in the US are defined in the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) and in a few cases state and federal laws. Specific Federal laws may affect the sale of certain items such as the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act which covers warranties on automobiles.
In every sale the UCC states that there is a Warranty of Fitness and a Warranty for a Particular Purpose (UCC – ARTICLE 2 -§2-314 & 315).
§ 2-314. Implied Warranty: Merchantability; Usage of Trade.
(1) Unless excluded or modified (Section 2-316), a warranty that the goods shall be merchantable is implied in a contract for their sale if the seller is a merchant with respect to goods of that kind. Under this section the serving for value of food or drink to be consumed either on the premises or elsewhere is a sale.
(2) Goods to be merchantable must be at least such as
(a) pass without objection in the trade under the contract description; and
(b) in the case of fungible goods, are of fair average quality within the description; and
(c) are fit for the ordinary purposes for which such goods are used; and
(d) run, within the variations permitted by the agreement, of even kind, quality and quantity within each unit and among all units involved; and
(e) are adequately contained, packaged, and labeled as the agreement may require; and
(f) conform to the promise or affirmations of fact made on the container or label if any.
§ 2-315. Implied Warranty: Fitness for Particular Purpose.
Where the seller at the time of contracting has reason to know any particular purpose for which the goods are required and that the buyer is relying on the seller’s skill or judgment to select or furnish suitable goods, there is unless excluded or modified under the next section an implied warranty that the goods shall be fit for such purpose.
As innocent as these warranties appear, they are the basis for product liability lawsuits and can be used to void more limiting warranties. However both of these warranties can be voided.
An example of the problem would be a camming device. The salesman states the camming device will work “no matter what.” The user drags the device through the mud so it is just caked and won’t work properly. The consumer uses the device, it fails because of the mud and the consumer is injured. The consumer could sue for their injuries under a breach of warranty theory because the device did not live up to the reason why it was purchased. This is a breach of the fitness for a particular purpose warranty.
Another example of the problem would be selling a bicycle. The salesman states the bicycle will be easy to ride. The new owner has never used a derailleur shifted gears on a bicycle and constantly has trouble shifting the gears. During one attempt to change gears the consumer hits a sewer grate suffering serious injuries. The consumer could sue for their injuries under a breach of warranty theory because the device did not live up to the reason why it was purchased. This is a breach of the fitness for a particular purpose warranty.
There is an out in the law that allows a manufacture to argue that the statements were salesman’s “puffing.” That means the statements that a salesman makes to sell a product that may be over the top. However because the warranty was not properly disclaimed the salesman’s puffing is not a valid defense. This may be in addition to any claim for basic product liability issues.
State Consumer Protection Laws
Each state has enacted a serious of Consumer Protection Laws. These laws are designed to “level the playing field” between consumers and large manufactures. Although the specifics may vary for each state in general the laws lower the threshold needed to prove a case against the manufacture and increase the damages for the consumer. In some cases damages are trebled, with interest costs and attorney fees being added to the damages.
Another disadvantage for manufactures is the manufacture can be forced to defend the action in the consumer’s state if products are sold in that state.
Colorado’s Consumer Protection Act, C.R.S. §§ 6-1-105 et seq has the following sections that would be of interest.
(1) A person engages in a deceptive trade practice when, in the course of such person’s business, vocation, or occupation, such person:
(d) Uses deceptive representations or designations of geographic origin in connection with goods or services;
(r) Advertises or otherwise represents that goods or services are guaranteed without clearly and conspicuously disclosing the nature and extent of the guarantee, any material conditions or limitations in the guarantee which are imposed by the guarantor, the manner in which the guarantor will perform, and the identity of such guarantor. Any representation that goods or services are “guaranteed for life” or have a “lifetime guarantee” shall contain, in addition to the other requirements of this paragraph (r), a conspicuous disclosure of the meaning of “life” or “lifetime” as used in such representation (whether that of the purchaser, the goods or services, or otherwise). Guarantees shall not be used which under normal conditions could not be practically fulfilled or which are for such a period of time or are otherwise of such a nature as to have the capacity and tendency of misleading purchasers or prospective purchasers into believing that the goods or services so guaranteed have a greater degree of serviceability, durability, or performance capability in actual use than is true in fact. The provisions of this paragraph (r) apply not only to guarantees but also to warranties, to disclaimer of warranties, to purported guarantees and warranties, and to any promise or representation in the nature of a guarantee or warranty; however, such provisions do not apply to any reference to a guarantee in a slogan or advertisement so long as there is no guarantee or warranty of specific merchandise or other property.
(3) The deceptive trade practices listed in this section are in addition to and do not limit the types of unfair trade practices actionable at common law or under other statutes of this state.
Colorado’s statute allows the judge to award treble damages, interest and attorney fees if the consumer is successful in the suit. C.R.S. 6-1-113. §§ Damages
Here again the warranties come into play. If the consumer can prove the warranties are not disclaimed and the claim falls within the deceptive trade practices act or a common claim for deceptive trade practices, the damages for the warranty claim are increased.
European Union certifications & the US
Many manufactures from Europe or Asia believe that meeting standards for manufacturing products in Europe is all that is needed to sell in the US. That is correct. However those standards provide no defense in a US Court against product liability claims.
Product liability lawsuits are lawsuits against the manufacture and all entities in the chain of the sale. A product liability action can be brought against the bicycle shop, the distributor and the manufacture of a product. There are three basic product liability claims.
- Defective manufacture
- Defective Design
- Failure to warn
Defective manufacture claims are usually brought when only one product fails because there was a flaw in the manufacturing process for that product. The flaw caused an injury to the consumer using the product.
Defective design is usually the claim made when all of a type of product fails causing injury. A defective design claim can be brought at any time during the useful life of a product. This claim is brought when all of the products of a design fail for the same reason. The design flaw can either be based on the product breaking causing injury or the design preventing the product from working as advertised or as used by consumers.
The most difficult claim to defend is a failure to warn. This claim has two parts. Failure to warn at the time of the purchase and failure to warn of new issues the manufacture learns about. Failure to warn claims are the basics for information and warning labels that are not written in a manner to adequately inform the consumer of the risks of using the product.
Failure to warn claims that arise after time are usually a result of several Defective manufacture claims. Once a manufacture knows of problems in the way a product is being used OR that a product is being used incorrectly, the manufacture MUST warn all users of the problem. This type of claim in practice is similar to a product recall. However a product recall is done before an injury occurs. A failure to warn claim is the lawsuit brought after a recall.
The running of a warranty period does not end product liability claims.
Jurisdiction and Venue
Foreign manufacture believe that by setting up a US distributor, any lawsuit can only be brought against the US distributor and not the parent company in Europe. That is not true. US law allows a lawsuit against the end manufacture, wherever that manufacture is located if the manufacture entered the product in the stream of commerce in the state where the injury occurred or where the consumer lives. Proof of entering into the stream of commerce is a combination of factors: employees or agents living or working in the state; advertising in the state; contracting with retailers to sell the product in the state; advertising at events in the state are a few examples used to prove the manufacture entered the stream of commerce in a particular state.
In some cases, a manufacture can limit suits to just a few states with proper venue and jurisdiction clauses in their information to the consumer; however this is not always successful and will not work in all states. Either way, a foreign manufacture will be brought into the US to defend a product liability claim.
What do you think? Leave a comment.
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© 2010 James H. Moss
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CAMP, Scarpa, BCA, Teko Yardsale
Posted: September 19, 2009 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a comment
Event: Ski Season Kickoff Party 2009 to Benefit the Colorado Avalanche Information Center
Posted: September 18, 2009 Filed under: Skiing / Snow Boarding Leave a commentEvent: Ski Season Kickoff Party 2009
“A Fundraising Event for CAIC / FOBP / BSA”
What: Fundraiser
Start Time: Wednesday, September 30 at 5:00pm End Time: Wednesday, September 30 at 9:00pm
Where: Bent Gate Mountaineering
To see more details and RSVP, follow the link below:
http://www.facebook.com/n/?event.php&eid=133118014003&mid=11c5926G1e5dc624G35471b9G7




